Wednesday, August 26, 2009

Enable Oracle Application Server to run on port <1024 on HPUX

Below are the instructions, probably a little too detailed, on how to enable oracle to start httpd as root then fork to user specified in httpd.conf (em -> advanced properties -> httpd.conf) - For most people, Since Oracle App server is just a modified apache...Task 1 is the only thing you really have to do. You can then add the port in EM, and add the vhost directive in either ssl.conf or whatever file you're sourcing vhosts from.
--
Task 1: Enable Oracle HTTP Server to Run as Root for Ports Set to Less Than 1024 (Unix Only)
If you are on a UNIX system and you are changing the Listen port to a number less than 1024, perform these steps before you change the Oracle HTTP Server Listen port.
By default, Oracle HTTP Server runs as a non-root user (the user that installed Oracle Application Server). On UNIX systems, if you change the Oracle HTTP Server Listen port number to a value less than 1024, you must enable Oracle HTTP Server to run as root, as follows:
  1. Log in as root.
  2. Run the following commands in the middle-tier Oracle home:


    cd ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin
    chown root .apachectl
    chmod 6750 .apachectl

Task 2: Use the portconfig Command to Change the Oracle HTTP Server Listen Ports
Use the following procedure to change the Oracle HTTP Server HTTP or HTTPS listen port:
  1. Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to the home directory of the Oracle Application Server instance where the Oracle HTTP Server resides.
    For example:


    (UNIX) setenv ORACLE_HOME /dev0/private/oracle/appserv1/ 

  2. On UNIX systems, set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64, LIB_PATH, or SHLIB_PATH environment variables to the proper values. The actual environment variables and values that you must set depend on the type of your UNIX operating system.

  3. Create an alias (on UNIX systems) to represent the portconfig command.
    For example, to execute the command as an alias on UNIX systems, enter the following command:


    alias portconfig '$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java -cp 
    $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/webapps/emd/WEB-INF/lib/emd.jar:
    $ORACLE_HOME/dcm/lib/dcm.jar:
    $ORACLE_HOME/sso/lib/ossoreg.jar
    oracle.sysman.ias.sta.tools.PortConfigCmdLine \!*'

  4. Use the newly created portconfig command as follows:


    portconfig -oracleHome ORACLE_HOME 
    -oldPort old_port
    -newPort new_port
    [-sso -url http://sso_host:port -user http_server_admin_user
    [-site name_of_sso_partner_application]
    [-admin mod_osso_admin_user]
    [-vHost path_to_mod_osso_configuration_file]]
    [-webCache] [-debug]
    {-start | -restart}

    For example, on UNIX systems:


    portconfig -oracleHome $ORACLE_HOME -oldPort 7777 -newPort 7778 -webCache

Changing VSWIF IP in VMWare ESX

Pretty nice post on esxcfg commands...

Esxcfg command help
Esxcfg-firewall
Description: Configures the service console firewall ports
Syntax: esxcfg-firewall

Options:
-q Lists current settings
-q Lists settings for the specified service
-q incoming|outgoing Lists settings for non-required incoming/outgoing ports
-s Lists known services
-l Loads current settings
-r Resets all options to defaults
-e Allows specified service through the firewall (enables)
-d Blocks specified service (disables)
-o Opens a port
-c Closes a port previously opened by –o
-h Displays command help
-allowincoming Allow all incoming ports
-allowoutgoing Allow all outgoing ports
-blockincoming Block all non-required incoming ports (default value)
-blockoutgoing Block all non-required outgoing ports (default value)

Default Services:

AAMClient Added by the vpxa RPM: Traffic between ESX Server hosts for VMware High Availability (HA) and EMC Autostart Manager – inbound and outbound TCP and UDP Ports 2050 – 5000 and 8042 – 8045
activeDirectorKerberos Active Directory Kerberos - outbound TCPs Port 88 and 464
CIMHttpServer First-party optional service: CIM HTTP Server - inbound TCP Port 5988
CIMHttpsServer First-party optional service: CIM HTTPS Server - inbound TCP Port 5989
CIMSLP First-party optional service: CIM SLP - inbound and outbound TCP and UDP Ports 427
commvaultDynamic Backup agent: Commvault dynamic – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 8600 – 8619
commvaultStatic Backup agent: Commvault static – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 8400 – 8403
ftpClient FTP client - outbound TCP Port 21
ftpServer FTP server - inbound TCP Port 21
kerberos Kerberos - outbound TCPs Port 88 and 749
LicenseClient FlexLM license server client - outbound TCP Ports 27000 and 27010
nfsClient NFS client - outbound TCP and UDP Ports 111 and 2049 (0 – 65535)
nisClient NIS client - outbound TCP and UDP Ports 111 (0 – 65535)
ntpClient NTP client - outbound UDP Port 123
smbClient SMB client - outbound TCP Ports 137 – 139 and 445
snmpd SNMP services - inbound TCP Port 161 and outbound TCP Port 162
sshClient SSH client - outbound TCP Port 22
sshServer SSH server - inbound TCP Port 22
swISCSIClient First-party optional service: Software iSCSI client - outbound TCP Port 3260
telnetClient NTP client - outbound TCP Port 23
TSM Backup agent: IBM Tivoli Storage Manager – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 1500
veritasBackupExec Backup agent: Veritas BackupExec – inbound TCP Ports 10000 – 10200
veritasNetBackup Backup agent: Veritas NetBackup – inbound TCP Ports 13720, 13732, 13734, and 13783
vncServer VNC server - Allow VNC sessions 0-64: inbound TCP Ports 5900 – 5964
vpxHeartbeats vpx heartbeats - outbound UDP Port 902

Note: You can configure your own services in the file /etc/vmware/firewall/services.xml

esxcfg-firewall examples:
Enable ssh client connections from the Service Console:
# esxcfg-firewall -e sshClient
Disable the Samba client connections:
# esxcfg-firewall -d smbClient
Allow syslog outgoing traffic:
# esxcfg-firewall -o 514,udp,out,syslog
Turn off the firewall:
# esxcfg-firewall -allowIncoming
# esxcfg-firewall -allowOutgoing
Re-enable the firewall:
# esxcfg-firewall -blockIncoming
# esxcfg-firewall –blockOutgoing


Esxcfg-nics
Description: Prints a list of physical network adapters along with information on the driver, PCI device, and link state of each NIC. You can also use this command to control a physical network adapter’s speed and duplexing.
Syntax: esxcfg-nics [nic]

Options:

-s Set the speed of this NIC to one of 10/100/1000/10000. Requires a NIC parameter.
-d Set the duplex of this NIC to one of 'full' or 'half'. Requires a NIC parameter.
-a Set speed and duplex automatically. Requires a NIC parameter.
-l Print the list of NICs and their settings.
-r Restore the NICs configured speed/duplex settings. (Internal use only)
-h Displays command help

esxcfg-nics examples:
Set the speed and duplex of a NIC (vmnic2) to 100/Full:
esxcfg-nics -s 100 -d full vmnic2
Set the speed and duplex of a NIC (vmnic2) to auto-negotiate:
esxcfg-nics -a vmnic2


Esxcfg-vswitch
Description: Creates and updates virtual machine (vswitch) network settings
Syntax: esxcfg-vswitch [vswitch[:ports]]

Options:

-a Add a new virtual switch.
-d Delete the virtual switch.
-l List all the virtual switches.
-L Set pnic as an uplink for the vswitch.
-U Remove pnic from the uplinks for the vswitch.
-p Specify a portgroup for operation. Use ALL for operation to work on all portgroups
-v Set VLAN ID for portgroup specified by -p. 0 would disable the VLAN.
-c Check to see if a virtual switch exists. Program outputs a 1 if it exists, 0 otherwise.
-A Add a new portgroup to the virtual switch.
-D Delete the portgroup from the virtual switch.
-C Check to see if a portgroup exists. Program outputs a 1 if it exists, 0 otherwise.
-r Restore all virtual switches from the configuration file (Internal use only)
-h Displays command help


esxcfg-vswitch examples:

Add a pnic (vmnic2) to a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -L vmnic2 vswitch1
Remove a pnic (vmnic3) from a vswitch (vswitch0):
esxcfg-vswitch -U vmnic3 vswitch0
Create a portgroup (VM Network3) on a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -A "VM Network 3" vSwitch1
Assign a VLAN ID (3) to a portgroup (VM Network 3) on a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -v 3 -p "VM Network 3" vSwitch1


Esxcfg-vswif
Description: Creates and updates service console network settings. This command is used if you cannot manage the ESX Server host through the VI Client because of network configuration issues.
Syntax: esxcfg-vswif [vswif]

Options:

-a Add vswif, requires IP parameters. Automatically enables interface.
-d Delete vswif.
-l List configured vswifs.
-e Enable this vswif interface.
-s Disable this vswif interface.
-p Set the portgroup name of the vswif.
-i or DHCP The IP address for this vswif or specify DHCP to use DHCP for this address.
-n The IP netmask for this vswif.
-b The IP broadcast address for this vswif. (not required if netmask and ip are set)
-c Check to see if a virtual NIC exists. Program outputs a 1 if the given vswif exists, 0 otherwise.
-D Disable all vswif interfaces. (WARNING: This may result in a loss of network connectivity to the Service Console)
-E Enable all vswif interfaces and bring them up.
-r Restore all vswifs from the configuration file. (Internal use only)
-h Displays command help.

Note: You can set the Service Console default gateway by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network file or through the VI Client under Configuration, DNS & Routing.

esxcfg-vswif examples:
Change your Service Console (vswif0) IP and Subnet Mask:
esxcfg-vswif -i 172.20.20.5 -n 255.255.255.0 vswif0
Add a Service Console (vswif0):
esxcfg-vswif -a vswif0 -p "Service Console" -i 172.20.20.40 -n 255.255.255.0


Esxcfg-route
Description: Sets or retrieves the default VMkernel gateway route
Syntax: esxcfg-route [ [] ]
can be specified in 2 ways: as a single argument in / format or as a pair.
is either an IP address or 'default'

Options:

-a Add route to the VMkernel, requires network address (or 'default') and gateway IP address.
-d Delete route from the VMkernel, requires network address (or 'default').
-l List configured routes for the Service Console.
-r Restore route setting to configured values on system start. (Internal use only)
-h Displays command help

esxcfg-route examples:

Set the VMkernel default gateway route:
esxcfg-route 172.20.20.1
Add a route to the VMkernel:
esxcfg-route -a default 255.255.255.0 172.20.20.1


Esxcfg-vmknic
Description: Creates and updates VMkernel TCP/IP settings for VMotion, NAS, and iSCSI
Syntax: esxcfg-vmknic [[portgroup]]

Options:


-a Add a VMkernel NIC to the system, requires IP parameters and portgroup name.
-d Delete VMkernel NIC on given portgroup.
-e Enable the given NIC if disabled.
-D Disable the given NIC if enabled.
-l List VMkernel NICs.
-i The IP address for this VMkernel NIC. Setting an IP address requires that the -n option be given in same command.
-n The IP netmask for this VMkernel NIC. Setting the IP netmask requires that the -i option be given in the same command.
-r Restore VMkernel TCP/IP interfaces from configuration file. (Internal use only)
-h Displays command help

esxcfg-vmknic examples:
Add a VMkernel NIC and set the IP and subnet mask:
esxcfg-vmknic -a "VM Kernel" -i 172.20.20.19 -n 255.255.255.0

Serial Console on VMWare ESX

I primarily use HP ILO's on our DL360s. I never get ILO Advanced Pack..Its expensive, and I ues UNIX so, for my BSD and Linux machines I just use serial consoles... It beats buying the license...and I don't need the graphical stuff... Thats what X servers are for.

Compiled this from a defunct wiki from some edu, but its pretty much common sense. Just wanted to document it for those who care ;)

For an ESX Server:
This is about enabling the console of ESX server to be a serial port. Running an IP KVM for ESX servers seems a really expensive thing to do, when it just needs a shell.

This is a method I use for RHEL/CentOS. I had to modify it slightly for VMware ESX:
Edit /boot/grub/grub.conf
Add the following lines after "timeout=3" line

serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1
terminal --timeout=8 serial console

* The first line tells GRUB to use the first serial port at a baud rate of 9600
* The second line gives the user 8 seconds to decide where GRUB should output it's information. * Please adjust port number and speed as per your setup.

Append the kernel entry in /boot/grub/grub.conf to add serial console:


kernel /vmlinuz ro root=UUID=675026ae-e3ee-4340-8614-9173f59d5bfb mem=300M quiet console=ttyS0,9600

Edit /etc/inittab to add a new line for agetty. I placed this after the mingetty entries:

s0:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -L -f /etc/issueserial 9600 ttyS0 vt100

Additional notes: - root logins are restricted over ttysX by default unless your ttysX is added to the securetty config. So, edit /etc/securettty and add your port to your config if you want to allow root logins.

For a VM:
To add a serial console to VMWare ESX, there's no way to do it either from the web console nor from their dinky vmware-console. There's just grayed out menu items that torment your soul leaving you with a bitter taste of unfulfilled possibilites. Yet there is hope!

Here I add serial console 0. serial0.present = "TRUE" serial0.fileType = "file" serial0.fileName = "/tmp/console.debian26_dan"

then add in your kernel boot options (ie, in /boot/grub/menu.lst) console=ttyS0,19200
like this: kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sdc1 ro console=ttyS0,19200 console=tty0

now as you do crazy things to the kernel and crash it (ie, run zap), you can access your kernel log for debugging information in /tmp/console.debian26_dan.

NOTE: this enables a serial console for a guest machine on ESX. It does not enable a serial console for the ESX system itself, for that see above. ;p

Friday, August 21, 2009

it is the whole thing.

see subject. no comment. sigh.

Tuesday, August 18, 2009

mpage!

so...i guess, i just screwed up when i was working with mpage before trying to get the fonts right. it appears now that Courier-Bold as a -F parameter is working. ;) Yay.

That's how you get darker color, Bob!

Monday, August 17, 2009

cups-pdf, cups, RHEL, Linux, and EPEL repositories...

Soo...you want to add some other packages...
OK!

su -c 'rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm'

they should now be available in yum...in my case, cups-pdf.

Sunday, August 16, 2009

using firefox 3.5.x in Linux ... Its not just that easy, apparently.

I got tired of looking for a repo version and decided to get the bin pkg from Mozilla.

Here’s a really quick way to get 3.5.2 running on your Ubuntu or RHEL/CentOS system.

I removed the Firefox 3.0 that shipped... In this case, with CentOS. This tutorial taken from some Ubuntu user's post/page...I forget.

Open up Terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal) and run the following commands:

  1. cd /tmp
  2. wget "http://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-3.5.2&os=linux&lang=en-US"
    Note: Your download link may be different depending on your country and language. I got the link by clicking the download link, canceling the automatic download, right-clicking the “Your download should automatically begin in a few seconds, but if not, click here” link, and selecting Copy Link Location.
  3. tar xvjf firefox-*.bz2
  4. sudo cp -r firefox /usr/lib/firefox-3.5.2
  5. sudo mv /usr/bin/firefox /usr/bin/firefox.old
  6. sudo ln -s /usr/lib/firefox-3.5.2/firefox /usr/bin/firefox-3.5.2
  7. sudo ln -s /usr/bin/firefox-3.5.2 /usr/bin/firefox

Close Firefox and then reopen. You should now be running Firefox 3.5.2.

If for whatever reason you’d like to switch back to your previous version of Firefox, simply run the following commands from Terminal:

  1. sudo mv /usr/bin/firefox /usr/bin/firefox.bak
  2. sudo mv /usr/bin/firefox.old /usr/bin/firefox

enable rpmfusion, epel for CentOS / RHEL5 to install other repos...

[root@caliban-centos ~]# su -c 'rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm'

[root@caliban-centos ~]# su -c 'rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/testing/5/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-5-0.1.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/testing/5/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-5-0.1.noarch.rpm'

- this should then allow software to be pulled from rpmfusion!

Thursday, June 25, 2009

homemade tend skin recipe.

Crush 18 tablets aspirin and dissolve in alcohol. Crush remaining 8 tablet aspirin and dissolve in witch hazel. Combine alcohol and witch hazel together. Pour into squeeze bottle. Make need to shake before each use, as aspirin may settle. Apply once daily after waxing or shaving to prevent and treat ingrown hairs.
26 tablets uncoated aspirin, divided
5 ½ oz. 70% rubbing alcohol
2 ½ oz. witch hazel extract

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

From a "Best of Craigslist"

Dear Christians


Date: 2009-04-03, 5:02AM PDT


In the following argument of nine premises, I will aim to convince you that Jesus of Nazareth was a fictional character, and not a real person. I do not intend to sway the beliefs of many of you, nor even budge them - I know this to be an impossibility, for if the religious mind is well-trained at anything, it is circumventing rational argument. I only intend to sew seeds of doubt, in the hopes that perhaps some of you will nurture them and let them grow. Here goes.

1. Much, if not most, of the Bible is arguably fiction. Quit being so intellectually dishonest, Christians - this is the twenty-first century. That means the burden of proof is on YOU. If you make a claim about the universe, it is up to you to prove it is true, not the other way around. It is not up to us, the rest of the world, to prove your claims false - that is not scientific thinking, that is anti-scientific thinking. Because I am a man of my times, and believe in correcting ignorance, what I am doing here is out of courtesy to YOU, just as if I were to argue publicly that there is a Flying Spaghetti Monster orbiting Venus preparing to blow up Planet Earth, one of you would probably, out of simple human decency attempt to correct me and point me towards the truth. This is my way of doing that. Now, back to the Bible being fiction... that part's easy. Find me a snake with vocal chords, water that is dense enough for a human being to walk on, or a chemical process that converts complex carbohydrates to fish. Until then, you're out of luck, sucker. The evidence wins, and the evidence sides with me. These are invented stories... fictional dramas meant to impart some moral lesson. They are not real.

2. Following point two: from an objective, scrutinizing view, there is no reason to believe one story in the Bible over another. We cannot honestly engage shades of truth here - either the books in the Bible are historically true or they are not. Since they almost ubiquitously contain material to make the scientific person skeptical, we can chance to say the same is true of the entire book: either it happened, or it didn't. Therefore, it is no less plausible to disbelieve the Jesus myth than the myth about Enoch the nine-hundred year old man or the creation myth wherein God pats the first humans out of clay. Here's a hint: humans, like all other complex organisms, reached their present condition by millions of years of natural selection through the self-preservation of certain greedy genes. We can observe this happening today; anti-biotic resistant bacteria are a good example. Plus, we've mapped the human genome - we know our ancestry, and it's simian. Even Pope John Paul II said evolution is a historical fact. People did not come from clay.

3. By definition, intellect, or "reason" is the ability to revise one's beliefs in light of better argumentation. Taking simple, empirical data from the the world around you should make it easy to determine that the physical laws of the universe DO NOT CHANGE. It therefore stands to reason that "miracles" can only possible be one of two phenomena: A, an outside agent actually interfering with the laws of the universe; or B, hyperbolized coincidences. Considering the Bible was written in a time when allegory was the most common form of journalistic reporting and most people still believed spitting on a wound was an appropriate way to cure it, it is far more reasonable to assume the latter.

*Side note: Seriously Hoss, let me clue you in on something: things that are impossible to do now - like walking on water, resuscitation after days of biological death, and wine magically turning into blood - were just as impossible 2,000 years ago. There's a much greater power in the universe than "belief." It's called "observation."

4. To believe these stories, you must create strange rationalizations that do not hold up to true intellectual scrutiny. This brings us to the issue of honesty. Without deluding yourself, can you honestly answer the following questions? Such as, why doesn't God heal amputees? He heals everyone else miraculously, right? But neither you nor I have ever seen an amputee grow back a leg. Oh wait, God has a special plan for them. But isn't he supposed to be loving and just? What's with the discrimination, man? Or how about Jonah surviving in the belly of that whale? Wouldn't he be partially digested after three days? Maybe Baby Balooga had a slow metabolism?

5. Following four, and this one is my favorite: if Jesus is the one true messiah, the only God, whom you shall hath no other gods before him, yada yada, how come so many gods DID come before him having nearly identical biographies? There are no less than two dozen god-men of the ancient Mediterranean whose birth was heralded by a bright star in the East (Sirius, for those who don't practice astronomy), who were also adored by wise men, walked on water, fed the hungry, resurrected the dead, were crucified and rose again, etc. Many even had the same birthday as Jesus - December 25th! Not coincidentally, this was the Roman Holiday of Saturnalia centuries before the clergy decided to call it Jesus' birthday. Surprise! Christians plagiarized earlier religions. I cannot spell it out any clearer than that. Knowing that, how can one believe anything Christian doctrine teaches? How do you even begin to separate what was invented from what was borrowed? You don't. The cold, hard truth is, it was an old story then, and it's an old story now. These messianic archetypes - the man that is god, the man who conquers death - existed long, long before Jesus came around. They were old news when soap was a cutting-edge technology, before written language was even invented. They are ancient fucking history. Jesus was not the antitype of these messianic figures, he was their distillation.

7. Following point 6. If you are skeptical of this information (and you should be, as doubt is the seed of all knowing), investigate the matter for yourself. One hugely recurring problem I find when debating with Christians is that they either know very little about other religions or are ignorant of their existence entirely. This is counter-intuitive to me, and perhaps my own fault in failing to understand the religious mind. Shouldn't it be fairly crucial to make the most educated decision in choosing a religion, if practicing the "right" one is important to you? For example, you wouldn't want to choose a religion based on plagiarism, would you? Or one that literally absorbed every earlier belief system it encountered through endless politicizing or the diplomacy of the sword? Well, better crack those books then - there's a whole heap of gods who fit the Christ mold long before Christ. I suggest you begin by researching Mithra of Rome, Attis of Frigia, Dionysis of Greece, Krishna of India, and Horus of Egypt. The last should be of particular interest to you, as his mythology is almost an exact carbon copy of Jesus', right down to the twelve apostles and three-day rebound time after being murdered by jealous clergy. Though, I should point out that Horus was worshipped nearly 1000 years BEFORE Christianity began spreading through the Hebrew-populated Roman colonies. This should come as no surprise to you, as it's written right in the bible that the Hebrews came out of Egypt.

8. On a more serious note. Western civilization may have been "built" on Judeo-Christian values (at least the "don't kill" and "don't steal" parts), but we have become a modern society and have adopted the scientific way of thinking. While the aforementioned values have indisputable merits, maintaining the dogma in its entirety is no longer necessary, especially when we consider the violence and segregation it has caused throughout the ages. Furthermore, philosophically speaking, Christian ethics are severely outdated. Since the Enlightenment, the Western World has seen far superior ethicists to Jesus of Nazareth. Kant and Mill, for example, created life-affirming ethical systems that can be applied to a wider range of people without destroying their culture or beliefs about where the universe came from and what kind of sex they should consider perverse. Truly, there is no reason to cling to the old way any longer. We have adopted science and reason in every other aspect of our lives... yet somehow we have retained Bronze Age ethics? It makes no sense. Why should we continue to believe it is better to be tribalists than to be humanists? This mentality is not compatible with a just, egalitarian society. Besides, Jesus may tell us to love one another, but he also says we should maintain the Old Testament in its entirety - no cherry-picking - which means we technically must condone rape, incest, slavery, and genocide (!). If we can do away with these parts (and we have), why not do away with the whole thing?

9. In the grand scheme of things, it would be generally permissible for one to believe in Christian ethics if it were readily understood that Jesus was not a historical person, and the story is allegory. However, if you are a Christian, you probably do believe that Jesus was a real human being. This is a threat to both the advancement of science and the absolution of religious conflict in the world, two issues that are paramount to our survival as a species as our planet nears carrying capacity and is dangerously on the brink of overheating. It creates too slippery a slope for other theocratic nonsense to take hold; for example, tthe mindset that human beings can literally live after death (how many soldiers would we send to die if everyone believed this is the only life?); or that preserving the existence of cell clusters which bear no conceivable human traits is somehow a better aim than alleviating actual human suffering; or that sex is harmful, but killing, bigotry, and total obedience to clandestine authority are healthy practices; or that blood sacrifice is a value modern societies should endorse. But Jesus WAS a real person, you say! There's a plethora of evidence! No, not really, outside of the gospels. And those hardly count as "evidence." They are secondary sources at best. Here's why: if a historical Jesus really lived and died between 0 and 33 CE, then we know beyond a doubt that at least forty years passed before the earliest gospel - the one written by Mark - was scribed. Because the aforementioned gospel discusses the destruction of Solomon's temple, we know it was written in or sometime after 70 CE. Given the lifespan of the period, that means the author or authors were at best infants or young children when Jesus of Nazareth was supposed to have been crucified. Moreover, the gospel writers are not themselves mentioned in the gospels, and they make no claim to actually having met Jesus. None of the apostles who walked with Jesus nor anyone who even met him wrote accounts to that effect. Granted, there are certain mentions of a "Christ" in the writings of Mediterranean historians from that period (not Justin Martyr or Pontius Pilate - sorry, but those are proven forgeries). However, if are a serious Christian, these should be of little consideration to you, as you know "the Christ" is really a title that simply means "the Anointed," and was taken up by many rabbis of that time. In not ONE of these documents is a man named Jesus, or Yeshua of Nazareth mentioned.


In conclusion, the gospels which discuss the life of Jesus of Nazareth are at best hearsay, almost certainly hyperbolized, and at worst complete fabrications. What we can determine beyond a doubt is that for at least four decades after his death, everyone in the world, including his sworn followers and students, simply forgot their messiah existed. If that doesn't cast on you a serious shade of doubt, then nothing will, and perhaps I'm not "the fool".


- A

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